Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors acarbose, miglitol, voglibose have been studied extensively in Europe and Japan; two of them, acarbose and miglitol, are available in the United States. Taken orally, alpha glucosidase inhibitors inhibit the upper gastrointestinal enzymes alpha-glucosidases that convert complex polysaccharide carbohydrates into monosaccharides in a dose-dependent fashion.

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Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

There is only one tablet of this type used, called acarbose. It is usually used when a healthy diet and physical activity alone has been unsuccessful, although it is sometimes used together with a sulphonylurea. Acarbose works by slowing down the absorption of starchy foods from the intestine. This means that blood glucose levels rise more slowly after meals. Acarbose should always be chewed with the first mouthful of food or swallowed whole with a little liquid immediately before the meal. All medication has side effects and you should check the patient information leaflet PIL supplied with your medication to see which side effects you might experience from your particular medication. Remember that you are unlikely to experience all side effects that are listed, and you may not experience any at all. If you do, speak to your doctor as there may be another diabetes medication you could try instead. A company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales with no. Skip to main navigation Skip to content. Breadcrumb Home Guide to diabetes Managing your diabetes Tablets and medication Alpha glucosidase inhibitor.

We alpha glucosidase inhibitors study-level rather than patient-level data, which is considered the gold standard for meta-analysis and which restricts our ability to investigate further any subgroups of interest. Download references.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates such as starch and table sugar. Carbohydrates are normally converted into simple sugars monosaccharides by alpha-glucosidase enzymes present on cells lining the intestine, enabling monosaccharides to be absorbed through the intestine. Hence, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors reduce the impact of dietary carbohydrates on blood sugar. Even though the drugs have a similar mechanism of action, there are subtle differences between acarbose and miglitol. Acarbose is an oligosaccharide , whereas miglitol resembles a monosaccharide.

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Manahil Akmal ; Roopma Wadhwa. Authors Manahil Akmal ; Roopma Wadhwa 1. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs are a group of antidiabetic drugs used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This activity outlines the indications, mechanism of action, contraindications, adverse effects, monitoring, and other key elements required by healthcare professionals involved in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Objectives: Identify the mechanism of action and administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates such as starch and table sugar. Carbohydrates are normally converted into simple sugars monosaccharides by alpha-glucosidase enzymes present on cells lining the intestine, enabling monosaccharides to be absorbed through the intestine. Hence, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors reduce the impact of dietary carbohydrates on blood sugar. Even though the drugs have a similar mechanism of action, there are subtle differences between acarbose and miglitol. Acarbose is an oligosaccharide , whereas miglitol resembles a monosaccharide. Miglitol is fairly well absorbed by the body, as opposed to acarbose. Moreover, acarbose inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase in addition to alpha-glucosidase, and is degraded by gut bacterial maltogenic alpha-amylase and cyclomaltodextrinase. There are a large number of natural products with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor action. For example, research has shown the culinary mushroom Maitake Grifola frondosa has a hypoglycemic effect.

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Cochrane Database Syst Rev. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Does treatment of impaired glucose tolerance improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with previous myocardial infarction? In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 , alpha-glucosidase inhibitors use has not been officially approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the US but some data exists on the effectiveness in this population, showing potential benefits weighted against an increased risk of hypoglycemia. To continue reading this article, you must sign in with your personal, hospital, or group practice subscription. Federal government websites often end in. Prospective Diabetes Study Download ePub. Download citation. Bulk Download. Other oral hypoglycemic drugs are reviewed separately. View Topic. Voglibose AO is an efficient alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and mobilizes the endogenous GLP-1 reserve. Contents move to sidebar hide.

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PubMed Google Scholar. Does treatment of impaired glucose tolerance improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with previous myocardial infarction? Data extraction and quality assessment Sources of reporting bias, e. A randomized double-blind trial of acarbose in type 2 diabetes shows improved glycemic control over 3 years U. Competitive inhibition Uncompetitive inhibition Non-competitive inhibition Suicide inhibition Mixed inhibition. It is also contraindicated in patients who are either suffering from intestinal obstruction or are at risk of intestinal obstruction. Recent studies have demonstrated cardio protection with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists [ 18 , 19 ] probably via non-glycaemic mechanisms. Skip to main content. Contraindications Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are contraindicated in any of the conditions that can worsen due to excess gas formation in the gut. Eur J Clin Invest.