Commons wikipedia

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Wikimedia Commons , or simply Commons , is a wiki -based media repository of free-to-use images, sounds, videos and other media. Files from Wikimedia Commons can be used across all of the Wikimedia projects [2] in all languages, including Wikipedia , Wikivoyage , Wikisource , Wikiquote , Wiktionary , Wikinews , Wikibooks , and Wikispecies , or downloaded for offsite use. As of January , the repository contains over million free-to-use media files, managed and editable by registered volunteers. Various notable organizations have uploaded files to Commons. In , the National Archives and Records Administration uploaded , digitised images from its collection.

Commons wikipedia

The commons is the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable Earth. These resources are held in common even when owned privately or publicly. Commons can also be understood as natural resources that groups of people communities, user groups manage for individual and collective benefit. The Digital Library of the Commons defines "commons" as "a general term for shared resources in which each stakeholder has an equal interest". The term "commons" derives from the traditional English legal term for common land , which are also known as "commons", and was popularised in the modern sense as a shared resource term by the ecologist Garrett Hardin in an influential article called " The Tragedy of the Commons ". As Frank van Laerhoven and Elinor Ostrom have stated; "Prior to the publication of Hardin's article on the tragedy of the commons , titles containing the words 'the commons', ' common pool resources ', or 'common property' were very rare in the academic literature. Some texts make a distinction in usage between common ownership of the commons and collective ownership among a group of colleagues, such as in a producers' cooperative. The precision of this distinction is not always maintained. Others conflate open access areas with commons; however, open access areas can be used by anybody while the commons has a defined set of users. The use of "commons" for natural resources has its roots in European intellectual history, where it referred to shared agricultural fields, grazing lands and forests that were, over a period of several hundred years, enclosed, claimed as private property for private use. In European political texts, the common wealth was the totality of the material riches of the world, such as the air, the water, the soil and the seed, all nature's bounty regarded as the inheritance of humanity as a whole, to be shared together.

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From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Subcategories This category has the following 63 subcategories, out of 63 total. Media in category "Photographs" The following 31 files are in this category, out of 31 total. Chantal and siblings Jeanne, Georges, Louis and Felix. DAP photo.

Wikimedia Commons , or simply Commons , is a wiki -based media repository of free-to-use images, sounds, videos and other media. Files from Wikimedia Commons can be used across all of the Wikimedia projects [2] in all languages, including Wikipedia , Wikivoyage , Wikisource , Wikiquote , Wiktionary , Wikinews , Wikibooks , and Wikispecies , or downloaded for offsite use. As of March , the repository contains over million free-to-use media files, managed and editable by registered volunteers. Various notable organizations have uploaded files to Commons. In , the National Archives and Records Administration uploaded , digitised images from its collection. The stated aim of Wikimedia Commons is to provide a media file repository "that makes available public domain and freely-licensed educational media content to all, and that acts as a common repository for the various projects of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Commons wikipedia

Wikimedia Commons English main page is an online repository of free-use images, sound, spoken texts , and other media files. It was launched on 7 September The aim of Wikimedia Commons is to provide a media file repository "that makes available public domain and freely-licensed educational media content to all, and that acts as a common repository for the various projects of the Wikimedia Foundation. Wikimedia Commons is a multilingual project. The default language is English, but registered users can customize their interface to any other available user interface translations. Many pages have also been translated into various languages. Users are encouraged to help with translations.

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To fulfill the free license requirements, please read our Reuse guide. Article Talk. Wikimedia Commons a collection of ,, freely usable media files to which anyone can contribute. Attribution Generator The Attribution Generator makes it easy to reuse images that have been released under Creative Commons licenses on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. Upload an image to Wiki Loves Folklore Monthly photo challenge Take some photos and upload them to meet our monthly thematic challenge, get inspiration and try new subjects! Lawrence Lessig Joi Ito. These commons include literature, music, arts, design, film, video, television, radio, information, software and sites of heritage. Copyright rules Copyright rules by subject matter Copyright rules by territory Copyright tags PD files. Download as PDF Printable version. Subcategories This category has the following 63 subcategories, out of 63 total. Wikipedia Encyclopedia. Architecture landscape sustainable Ecopsychology Engineering ecological environmental Green criminology Health environmental epidemiology occupational public Management environmental fisheries forest natural resource waste Planning environmental land use regional spatial urban Policy energy environmental. Wikispecies Species directory.

Wikimedia Commons is a website owned by the Wikimedia Foundation , based on a wiki. Anybody can upload images , sounds , videos , and other multimedia files to the website. The files uploaded to Wikimedia Commons can be used by any other Wikimedia Foundation project, like Wikipedia or Wiktionary.

Note: it is common for publishers to take public domain works and republish them under their own copyright. Projects Wikipedia community Wikipedians. Authority file Q Aikin p - Essex. Community forest programs work by giving local areas a financial stake in nearby woodlands, and thereby increasing the incentive to protect them from overuse. Wikimedia Foundation. Download as PDF Printable version. Tools Tools. Atelier Nadar btv1bn. Categories : Property Public commons Environmental social science concepts. At the heart of the practice of commoning lies the principle that the relation between the social group and that aspect of the environment being treated as a common shall be both collective and non-commodified-off-limits to the logic of market exchange and market valuations. Wikivoyage Travel guide. Categorization in Wikimedia Commons is more detailed and deep than categorization in Wikipedia projects.