Conspiracy theory iceberg

The iceberg theory or theory of omission is a writing technique coined by American writer Ernest Hemingway. As a young journalist, Hemingway had to focus his newspaper reports on immediate events, conspiracy theory iceberg, with very little context or interpretation.

This is a list of notable conspiracy theories. Many conspiracy theories relate to supposed clandestine government plans and elaborate murder plots. In principle, conspiracy theories might not always be false, and their validity depends on evidence as for any theory. However, they are often implausible prima facie due to their convoluted and all-encompassing nature. Psychologists sometimes attribute proclivities toward conspiracy theories to a number of psychopathological conditions such as paranoia , schizotypy , narcissism , and insecure attachment , [4] or to a form of cognitive bias called " illusory pattern perception ". Numerous conspiracy theories pertain to air travel and aircraft. Incidents such as the bombing of the Kashmir Princess , the Arrow Air Flight crash, the Mozambican Tupolev Tu crash , the Helderberg Disaster , the bombing of Pan Am Flight and the Mull of Kintyre helicopter crash as well as various aircraft technologies and alleged sightings, have all spawned theories of foul play which deviate from official verdicts.

Conspiracy theory iceberg

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Conspiracy theories play a troubling role in political discourse. Online forums provide a valuable window into everyday conspiracy theorizing, and can give a clue to the motivations and interests of those who post in such forums. Yet this online activity can be difficult to quantify and study. We describe a unique approach to studying online conspiracy theorists which used non-negative matrix factorization to create a topic model of authors' contributions to the main conspiracy forum on Reddit. This subreddit provides a large corpus of comments which spans many years and numerous authors. We show that within the forum, there are multiple sub-populations distinguishable by their loadings on different topics in the model. Further, we argue, these differences are interpretable as differences in background beliefs and motivations. The diversity of the distinct subgroups places constraints on theories of what generates conspiracy theorizing.

We used this dataset to test three predictions of the iceberg model.

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The Conspiracy Theory Iceberg represents the vast landscape of conspiracy theories, each with varying depths of truth. Some theories may be grounded in legitimate evidence and alternative explanations, while others are built on speculation and misinformation. Conspiracy theories have a profound impact on society, shaping public perception and influencing political discourse. They often challenge established narratives, raise questions about hidden agendas, and question the actions of governments and institutions. The belief in conspiracies can lead to real-world consequences and create divisions among individuals and communities. In this article, we will explore the origins of conspiracy theories, the layers of secrecy surrounding hidden secrets, the belief in government cover-ups and the deep state, the influence of secret societies like the Illuminati, and the idea of truth hidden in plain sight.

Conspiracy theory iceberg

An iceberg chart is a graphic used to break down elements of a certain topic in the same way we think of literal icebergs — a little visible on the surface, but a massive amount underneath. At the top are the best-known, simple topics. As the graphic goes deeper, so do the topics until they become less known and often darker. It took more than a year to complete, but what is perhaps more impressive is the way his channel has skyrocketed to popularity now that it is finished. In early videos, he celebrated a number of milestones — having his channel monetized, scoring a few hundred subscribers and so on. The channel exceeded the expectations he set for himself as a college student studying biology and hoping to dabble in YouTube on the side.

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Instead, it may be the other way around: it is conspiracy narratives that are all-encompassing, pulling in a diverse group of people who may have little in common with one another, each of whom can find what they need in a fragment of the larger tale. Wheeler are unfounded. It is a justification for Russian leader Vladimir Putin 's imperial aggression, claiming to be a defense against a far-reaching covert attack. A positive correlation between a topic loading and quantity of posting indicates that an author uses the words in the topic more frequently and distinctively the more they write. One potential problem with this approach is that many authors make very few comments. Conspiracy theorists often attend to new military technologies, both real and imagined. Archived from the original on 7 June New York Magazine. Soros conspiracy theories are sometimes linked to antisemitic conspiracy theories. This subgroup brings up an important point: topic modeling does not distinguish between those who endorse a conspiracy and those who argue with conspiracy theorists. Archived from the original on 17 June

You can help confirm this entry by contributing facts, media, and other evidence of notability and mutation. The Conspiracy Chart refers to an inverted pyramid graph of conspiracy theories mapped in accordance with how "grounded" they are in reality. The original image was posted to both Twitter and Instagram in late November , becoming an exploitable format across both platforms.

A final methodological point above is worth noting. Jerry Falwell , accused Bill Clinton of multiple crimes including murder. Figure 1. Further, we argue, these differences are interpretable as differences in background beliefs and motivations. Journal for the Study of the New Testament. Yahoo Sporting News. Archived from the original on 29 August Instead, we suggest, those who endorse conspiracies seem to be primarily brought together by epistemological concerns, and that these central concerns link an otherwise heterogenous group of individuals. Main article: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories. On the monological model, a tendency to believe conspiracy theories is the primary explanatory construct for why conspiracy theorists exist though this tendency itself may be explained in various ways. Bloomsbury Advances in Religious Studies.