Dopaminergic

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Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Midbrain dopaminergic DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area regulate extrapyramidal movement and important cognitive functions, including motivation, reward associations, and habit learning. Dysfunctions in DA neuron circuitry have been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including addiction and schizophrenia, whereas selective degeneration of DA neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta is a key neuropathological feature in Parkinson disease. Efforts to understand these disorders have focused on dissecting the underlying causes, as well as developing therapeutic strategies to replenish dopamine deficiency. In particular, the promise of cell replacement therapies for clinical intervention has led to extensive research in the identification of mechanisms involved in DA neuron development. It is hoped that a comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will lead to therapeutic strategies that improve the efficiency of DA neuron production, engraftment, and function.

Dopaminergic

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'dopaminergic. Send us feedback about these examples. Accessed 16 Mar. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! See Definitions and Examples ». Log In. Examples of dopaminergic in a Sentence. Recent Examples on the Web These dopaminergic neurons are necessary for many brain functions, including fine motor control. Word History. First Known Use. Time Traveler. See more words from the same year. Dictionary Entries Near dopaminergic. Cite this Entry. Copy Citation.

Acta Neurobiol Exp. Psychiatry 3e Pharmacology and abuse of cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy and related designer drugs a comprehensive review on their mode of dopaminergic, treatment of abuse and intoxication, dopaminergic.

Dopamine DA , a contraction of 3,4- d ihydr o xy p henethyl amine is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical , L-DOPA , which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter —a chemical released by neurons nerve cells to send signals to other nerve cells. Neurotransmitters are synthesized in specific regions of the brain, but affect many regions systemically.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October Learn More or Try it out now. Dopamine DA is a key neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions including motor control, modulation of affective and emotional states, reward mechanisms, reinforcement of behavior, and selected higher cognitive functions. Here we will discuss the current insights on the role of DA in motor control and reward learning mechanisms and its involvement in the modulation of synaptic dynamics through different pathways. In particular, we will consider the role of DA as neuromodulator of two forms of synaptic plasticity, known as long-term potentiation LTP and long-term depression LTD in several cortical and subcortical areas. Finally, we will delineate how the effect of DA on dendritic spines places this molecule at the interface between the motor and the cognitive systems.

Dopaminergic

Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine " literally, "working on dopamine" , dopamine being a common neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic brain pathways facilitate dopamine-related activity. For example, certain proteins such as the dopamine transporter DAT , vesicular monoamine transporter 2 VMAT 2 , and dopamine receptors can be classified as dopaminergic, and neurons that synthesize or contain dopamine and synapses with dopamine receptors in them may also be labeled as dopaminergic. Enzymes that regulate the biosynthesis or metabolism of dopamine such as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase or DOPA decarboxylase , monoamine oxidase MAO , and catechol O -methyl transferase COMT may be referred to as dopaminergic as well.

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However, other subregions in the medial VTA, such as the medial PN and medioventral part of the PBP, contain nonconventional DAergic neurons with a distinct electrophysiological profile, displaying no or very little I h with different action potential firing patterns 19 , 20 , 21 , Search Search articles by subject, keyword or author. Article PubMed Google Scholar. In the pancreas the role of dopamine is somewhat complex. Neuronal medium that supports basic synaptic functions and activity of human neurons in vitro. Progress in Neurobiology. Kelley, A. Animals exposed to the chronic restraint stress for 10 days displayed a significant increase in DA neuron population activity within the VTA but no change in the average firing rate or the average percentage of burst firing Genes Dev. A number of studies have reported an age-related decline in dopamine synthesis and dopamine receptor density i.

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Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neurogenesis. Common schizophrenia risk variants are enriched in open chromatin regions of human glutamatergic neurons. The nucleus accumbens: a comprehensive review. The mesolimbic dopamine system is excited not only by reward but also by aversive stressful stimuli, which adds further intriguing complexity to the relationship between stress and the reward system. Bibcode : PNAS.. Pan W. Regarding the development of DA neurons, there have been intense interests in the identification of both intrinsic and extrinsic cues that determine cell fate specification, progenitor expansion, and differentiation of DA neurons 12 Figure 1 B. Chemical Science. In contrast, intense, chronic and unpredictable stressors have inhibitory effects on DA release induced by prolonged uncontrollable and unavoidable stress 50 , The nucleus accumbens as part of a basal ganglia action selection circuit. Valenti, O. Dopamine neurons modulate neural encoding and expression of depression-related behaviour. Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. Dopamine scales performance in the absence of new learning.