Moberget

The functional domain of the human cerebellum has expanded beyond motor control to also include cognitive and affective functions, moberget. In line with this notion, cerebellar volume has increased over recent primate evolution and cerebellar alterations have moberget linked to heritable mental disorders.

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Moberget

The past 25 years have seen the functional domain of the cerebellum extend beyond the realm of motor control, with considerable discussion of how this subcortical structure contributes to cognitive domains including attention, memory, and language. Drawing on evidence from neuroanatomy, physiology, neuropsychology, and computational work, sophisticated models have been developed to describe cerebellar function in sensorimotor control and learning. In contrast, mechanistic accounts of how the cerebellum contributes to cognition have remained elusive. Inspired by the homogeneous cerebellar microanatomy and a desire for parsimony, many researchers have sought to extend mechanistic ideas from motor control to cognition. One influential hypothesis centers on the idea that the cerebellum implements internal models, representations of the context-specific dynamics of an agent's interactions with the environment, enabling predictive control. We briefly review cerebellar anatomy and physiology, to review the internal model hypothesis as applied in the motor domain, before turning to extensions of these ideas in the linguistic domain, focusing on speech perception and semantic processing. While recent findings are consistent with this computational generalization, they also raise challenging questions regarding the nature of cerebellar learning, and may thus inspire revisions of our views on the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor control. Keywords: cerebellum; cognition; computational mechanisms; internal models; language; motor control. Abstract The past 25 years have seen the functional domain of the cerebellum extend beyond the realm of motor control, with considerable discussion of how this subcortical structure contributes to cognitive domains including attention, memory, and language. Gov't Research Support, N.

Intensive Care and Critical Care Medicine We addressed these questions in patients with SZ spectrum disorders and healthy controls HCs from 14 international samples, moberget, using moberget image analysis pipelines optimized for both the cerebellum and the cerebrum.

Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Hence, the across-sample reproducibility, regional distribution, associations with cerebrocortical morphology and effect sizes of cerebellar relative to cerebral morphological differences in SZ are unknown. We addressed these questions in patients with SZ spectrum disorders and healthy controls HCs from 14 international samples, using state-of-the-art image analysis pipelines optimized for both the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Effect sizes for cerebellar volumes were similar to the most consistently reported cerebral structural changes in SZ e. Within groups, we further observed positive correlations between cerebellar volume and cerebral cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions i. This cerebellocerebral structural covariance was strongest in SZ, suggesting common underlying disease processes jointly affecting the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Finally, cerebellar volume reduction in SZ was highly consistent across the included age span years and present already in the youngest patients, a finding that is more consistent with neurodevelopmental than neurodegenerative etiology.

Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders SCZspect and bipolar disorders BD show impaired function in the primary visual cortex V1 , indicated by altered visual evoked potential VEP. While the neural substrate for altered VEP in these patients remains elusive, altered V1 structure may play a role. One previous study found a positive relationship between the amplitude of the P component of the VEP and V1 surface area, but not V1 thickness, in a small sample of healthy individuals. We also compared the mean P amplitude, V1 surface area and V1 thickness between controls and patients and found no significant group differences. Together, our results confirm previous findings of a positive PV1 surface area association in HC, whereas larger patient samples are needed to further clarify the function-structure relationship in V1 in SCZspect and BD. Rationale: For visual perspective taking VPT using the avatar task, examinations of neural processes using event related potentials ERP indicate a distinction between an early posterior perspective calculation process P3 and a later frontal process LFSW managing perspective conflict. While it is unknown if these neural processes are affected in clinical populations, it is unclear if the avatar task can be applied to this group, due to the long duration and sensitivity to data loss.

Moberget

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Hence, the across-sample reproducibility, regional distribution, associations with cerebrocortical morphology and effect sizes of cerebellar relative to cerebral morphological differences in SZ are unknown. We addressed these questions in patients with SZ spectrum disorders and healthy controls HCs from 14 international samples, using state-of-the-art image analysis pipelines optimized for both the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Effect sizes for cerebellar volumes were similar to the most consistently reported cerebral structural changes in SZ e. Within groups, we further observed positive correlations between cerebellar volume and cerebral cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions i.

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Biological psychiatry 86 1 , , NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article. Message Body Your Name thought you would like to see this page from the medRxiv website. Emergency Medicine This cerebellocerebral structural covariance was strongest in SZ, suggesting common underlying disease processes jointly affecting the cerebellum and the cerebrum. In line with this notion, cerebellar volume has increased over recent primate evolution and cerebellar alterations have been linked to heritable mental disorders. Offentlig tilgang. While recent findings are consistent with this computational generalization, they also raise challenging questions regarding the nature of cerebellar learning, and may thus inspire revisions of our views on the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor control. Inspired by the homogeneous cerebellar microanatomy and a desire for parsimony, many researchers have sought to extend mechanistic ideas from motor control to cognition. One influential hypothesis centers on the idea that the cerebellum implements internal models, representations of the context-specific dynamics of an agent's interactions with the environment, enabling predictive control. Emergency Medicine Intensive Care and Critical Care Medicine

Long-term potentiation LTP is one of the most extensively studied forms of neuroplasticity and is considered the strongest candidate mechanism for memory and learning.

Other authors report no competing interests. Molecular psychiatry 25 11 , , Data Availability All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors. Stein Andersson Dept. In contrast, mechanistic accounts of how the cerebellum contributes to cognition have remained elusive. This cerebellocerebral structural covariance was strongest in SZ, suggesting common underlying disease processes jointly affecting the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Surgery NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article. Biological psychiatry 86 1 , , Hematology The genetic architecture of human cerebellar morphology supports a key role for the cerebellum in recent human evolution and psychopathology. Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about medRxiv. Hence, the across-sample reproducibility, regional distribution, associations with cerebrocortical morphology and effect sizes of cerebellar relative to cerebral morphological differences in SZ are unknown. Back to top.