Nursing care plan for polycythemia

Background: Polycythemia vera PV is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, which is a threat to life.

Polycythemia is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive production of red blood cells RBCs , platelets, and myelocytes. As these increase, blood volume, blood viscosity, and hemoglobin Hb concentration increase, causing excessive workload for the heart and congestion of some organs e. Secondary polycythemia results from an abnormal increase in erythropoietin production e. Polycythemia vera is a primary disorder arising from a chromosomal mutation a single recurrent JAK2 mutation most often affecting men of Jewish descent, with onset in late midlife. Polycythemia vera results in increased RBC mass, leukocytosis, and slight thrombocytosis. Because of increased viscosity and decreased microcirculation, mortality is high if the condition is left untreated. In addition, there is potential for this disorder to evolve into other hematopoietic disorders, such as myelofibrosis and acute leukemia.

Nursing care plan for polycythemia

Though rare, MPNs are serious conditions that are caused by overproduction or proliferation of bone marrow stem cells. Recall that blood cells originate from bone marrow stem cells, so individuals with MPNs have disorders related to the quantity and quality of blood cells. There are three types of MPN:. You can listen to the following information in episode of the Straight A Nursing podcast, available from this website or wherever you get your podcasts. Polycythemia vera occurs due to a malignant change in the DNA of a single cell in the bone marrow. This overproduction of cells, namely red blood cells, can result in thrombosis. Though the individual with PV may have an abundance of platelets, they are often not mature enough to support the normal clotting mechanisms. As for complications, there are many. Splenomegaly is one of the most common and is more likely to occur in men than in women. Splenomegaly puts the patient at risk for infection and splenic rupture. This phase is characterized by an enlarged spleen splenomegaly , low blood counts, and bone marrow fibrosis.

Commonly prescribed drugs such as anti-cholesterol medications and antibiotics such as tetracycline also impair iron absorption.

If your doctor suspects that you have polycythemia vera, he or she might recommend collecting a sample of your bone marrow through a bone marrow aspiration or biopsy. A bone marrow biopsy involves taking a sample of solid bone marrow material. A bone marrow aspiration is usually done at the same time. During an aspiration, your doctor withdraws a sample of the liquid portion of your marrow. In a bone marrow aspiration, a health care provider uses a thin needle to remove a small amount of liquid bone marrow, usually from a spot in the back of your hipbone pelvis. A bone marrow biopsy is often done at the same time. This second procedure removes a small piece of bone tissue and the enclosed marrow.

Patients with Polycythemia vera may experience difficult-to-manage symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, vision disturbances, and fatigue. For these reasons, healthcare professionals must understand polycythemia vera management and how they can help provide quality care to those affected by this life-long condition. Polycythemia vera is a chronic and progressive blood disorder characterized by increased red blood cell production. This rare disease carries an increased risk of stroke and heart attack due to the thickening of the red blood cells resulting from this condition. A malignant DNA mutation in a single bone marrow cell causes polycythemia vera. While some may experience elevated levels of all three components, others may only have increased RBCs.

Nursing care plan for polycythemia

Polycythemia is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive production of red blood cells RBCs , platelets, and myelocytes. As these increase, blood volume, blood viscosity, and hemoglobin Hb concentration increase, causing excessive workload for the heart and congestion of some organs e. Secondary polycythemia results from an abnormal increase in erythropoietin production e. Polycythemia vera is a primary disorder arising from a chromosomal mutation a single recurrent JAK2 mutation most often affecting men of Jewish descent, with onset in late midlife. Polycythemia vera results in increased RBC mass, leukocytosis, and slight thrombocytosis. Because of increased viscosity and decreased microcirculation, mortality is high if the condition is left untreated. In addition, there is potential for this disorder to evolve into other hematopoietic disorders, such as myelofibrosis and acute leukemia. Hypertension, engorgement of retinal blood veins, crackles rales , weight loss, cyanosis, changes in mentation or mood delirium, psychotic depression, mania , ruddy complexion especially palmar aspects of hands and plantar surfaces of feet , splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, gastrointestinal GI disturbances ulcers, GI bleed. May be increased because of increased nucleoprotein, an end product of RBC breakdown. Objective indicators, such as grimacing, are absent or diminished.

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Prognosis and treatment of polycythemia vera. Feb 11, In cold weather, always wear warm clothing, particularly on your hands and feet. Treatments to reduce itching If you have bothersome itching, your doctor may prescribe medication, such as antihistamines, or recommend ultraviolet light treatment to relieve your discomfort. Administer analgesics as prescribed. Platelet count: Elevated as a result of increased production. Rare Disease Database. Polycythemia is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive production of red blood cells RBCs , platelets, and myelocytes. Hydroxyurea Hydrea is an antineoplastic agent that reduces blood cell production. A bone marrow aspiration is usually done at the same time. Clinical Trials. When a patient is severely anemic, he or she may also take iron supplements to help build red blood cell mass. Avoid hot tubs, heated whirlpools, and hot showers or baths. Nurses need to use a patient centred approach in the administration of PV, in order to assess the patients, plan care and achieve the self-management of the disease with the patient, who has been empowered with knowledge.

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Decreased neutrophil count. Interferon alfa is an injectable medication given subcutaneously to reduce blood cells. What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? About Mayo Clinic. Health Information Policy. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. You're likely to start by seeing your primary care physician. Lu, X. Assess for patient complaints of calf pain and tenderness. Hydroxyurea Hydrea is an antineoplastic agent that reduces blood cell production.