Proc natl acad sci u s a

Abstract : A key component of scientific communication is sufficient information for other researchers in the field to reproduce published findings.

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Proc natl acad sci u s a

It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences , published since , and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a impact factor of PNAS is a delayed open-access journal , with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee hybrid open access. Since September , open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. The NAS itself was founded in as a private institution, but chartered by the United States Congress , with the goal to "investigate, examine, experiment and report upon any subject of science or art. Prior to the inception of PNAS , the National Academy of Sciences published three volumes of organizational transactions, consisting mostly of minutes of meetings and annual reports. For much of the journal's history, PNAS published brief first announcements of Academy members' and associates' contributions to research. Members were allowed to communicate up to two papers from non-members to PNAS every year. The review process for these papers was anonymous in that the identities of the referees were not revealed to the authors. Referees were selected by the NAS member. In , PNAS issued an editorial stating its policy on publication of sensitive material in the life sciences. Department of Health and Human Services. The controversial Younger Dryas impact hypothesis , which evolved directly from pseudoscience and now forms the basis for the pseudoarchaeology of Graham Hancock 's Ancient Apocalypse , was first published in PNAS using a nonstandard review system, according to a comprehensive refutation by Holliday et al Also culpable is the failure of the peer review process to prevent such errors of fact from entering the literature. The 'pal reviews' as some refer to them were significantly curtailed in , in part due to the YDIH controversy.

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Tumor cell proliferation requires rapid synthesis of macromolecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleotides. Many tumor cells exhibit rapid glucose consumption, with most of the glucose-derived carbon being secreted as lactate despite abundant oxygen availability the Warburg effect. Here, we used 13C NMR spectroscopy to examine the metabolism of glioblastoma cells exhibiting aerobic glycolysis. In these cells, the tricarboxylic acid TCA cycle was active but was characterized by an efflux of substrates for use in biosynthetic pathways, particularly fatty acid synthesis. The success of this synthetic activity depends on activation of pathways to generate reductive power NADPH and to restore oxaloacetate for continued TCA cycle function anaplerosis.

Proc natl acad sci u s a

Infection by carcinogenic human papillomaviruses HPV results in precancers [cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN ] and cancers near the ectoendocervical squamocolumnar SC junction of the cervix. However, the specific cells targeted by HPV have not been identified and the cellular origin of cervical cancer remains elusive. In this study, we uncovered a discrete population of SC junctional cells with unique morphology and gene-expression profile. That the original SC junction immunophenotype was not regenerated at new SC junctions following excision, not induced by expression of viral oncoproteins in foreskin keratinocytes, and not seen in HPV-related precursors of the vagina, vulva, and penis further support the notion that junctional cells are the source of cervical cancer. Taken together, our findings suggest that carcinogenic HPV-related CINs and cervical cancers are linked to a small, discrete cell population that localizes to the SC junction of the cervix, expresses a unique gene expression signature, and is not regenerated after excision. The findings in this study uncover a potential target for cervical cancer prevention, provide insight into the risk assessment of cervical lesions, and establish a model for elucidating the pathway to cervical cancer following carcinogenic HPV infection.

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Natural genes and proteins often contain tandemly repeated sequence motifs that dramatically increase physiological specificity and activity. Given the selective value of such repeats, it is likely that several different mechanisms have been responsible for their generation. One mechanism that has been shown to generate relatively long tandem repeats in the kilobase range is rolling circle replication.

Members were allowed to communicate up to two papers from non-members to PNAS every year. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Proc. The following people have been editors-in-chief of the journal:. PMID HathiTrust ID. Retrieved July 13, Gentle Science. Hybrid , delayed after 6 months. Gorman DS, Levine RP Cytochrome f and plastocyanin: their sequence in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. August 16, For computational and data-enabled research, this has often been interpreted to mean making available the raw data from which results were generated, the computer code that generated the findings, and any additional information needed such as workflows and input parameters. Sinsheimer is head of Caltech's biology division and chairman of the editorial board of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Category : Publications. SUDOC editions.