Strap muscles thyroid

Wide and adequate exposure of the surgical field is essential strap muscles thyroid successful thyroid surgery. The most common procedure for conventional open thyroidectomy is the midline approach, in which the strap muscles are divided along the linea alba and separated from the thyroid gland. Braid pronunciation insufficient surgical field exposure not only increases operation time and blood loss, it also increases the risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve RLN and parathyroid gland PG due to poor visibility during surgical dissection 1, strap muscles thyroid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the U-shaped strap muscle flap USMF approach that provides excellent exposure of the surgical field.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. However, the impact of strap muscle invasion on disease-specific survival DSS remains controversial. The modified staging schema may better reflect cancer-caused death risk and may prevent potential overstaging. Validation studies have corroborated the new staging system by showing better allocation of relatively low-risk patients into lower stages with excellent survival outcomes 3 , and high-risk patients into more advanced stages 3 — 7. The newly introduced staging factor of gross strap muscle invasion alone T3b has been associated with higher risk of positive resection margin, bigger tumor size, higher recurrence rate, and lower disease survival rate 8 — However, studies have reported that strap muscle invasion alone, both minimal and gross, may not have significant influence on overall survival 11 , 12 , particularly in tumors equal to or smaller than 40 mm

Strap muscles thyroid

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Ani Mnatsakanian ; Yasir Al Khalili. The thyroid gland is a midline endocrine structure located in the anterior neck. It lies in front of the trachea, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the infrahyoid muscles cover its lateral and anterior borders. The sternocleidomastoid is a large muscle located in the posterior triangle of the neck. This muscle runs anterior to the common carotids and is a typical muscular landmark during neck surgery. The strap muscles, also known as the infrahyoid muscles, are composed of four paired muscles — the sternohyoid, the sternothyroid, the omohyoid, and the thyrohyoid. These muscles have both a superficial layer, composed of the sternohyoid and the omohyoid, and a deep layer, consisting of the sternothyroid and the thyrohyoid. The lateral surface of the thyroid is comprised of the sternothyroid muscle, whose attachment to the thyroid cartilage supports the superior pole of the thyroid gland. Anteriorly lies the superior belly of the omohyoid and the sternohyoid muscles. The anterior aspect of the sternocleidomastoid muscle overlaps these two muscles.

The scores resulting from the questionnaires were defined as voice impairment score VIS and swallowing impairment score SIS. An insufficient surgical field exposure not only increases operation time and blood loss, strap muscles thyroid, it also increases the risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve RLN and parathyroid gland PG due to poor visibility during surgical dissection 1.

The infrahyoid muscles or strap muscles are a group of four paired muscles in the anterior neck below the hyoid bone , within the muscular triangle. They are responsible for depressing the hyoid during swallowing. These muscles can be remembered by the mnemonic "TOSS". The strap muscles are ensheathed by the middle layer of the deep cervical fascia , thereby forming one of the deep fascial compartments of the neck , although it is not commonly recognized as such 4. Each muscle is supplied by different nerves from the ansa cervicalis.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Open thyroidectomy via conventional midline approach can be challenging in complex thyroid surgeries. This study proposes a U-shaped strap muscle flap USMF technique that provides adequately wide exposure of the surgical field. Strap muscles were cut close to the clavicle and along the anterior margin of both sternocleidomastoid muscles followed by total thyroidectomy in 20 patients as USMF group, and surgical outcomes were compared with 40 patients who had received total thyroidectomy via midline approach.

Strap muscles thyroid

The overall prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer is excellent and, for most patients, the concern is for cancer recurrence as opposed to death from cancer. However, if the extension is not visible to the surgeon at the time of surgery and only seen under the microscope, the outcomes are not changed significantly. Additionally, there are few studies looking at isolated visible invasion into the neck muscles laying over the outer edges of the thyroid in the front of the neck the strap muscles. This study examined patients with these types of cancers to see if outcomes were worse than those cancers without invasion into the strap muscles. Epub Dec PMID: Patients were divided into groups based on thyroid cancer invasion outside the thyroid. This included no invasion, invasion into soft tissue around the thyroid not muscle , invasion into the strap muscles laying over the thyroid, or invasion to even more neck structures beyond those muscles the most invasive. The average follow up time was almost 3 years years and the outcomes evaluated included overall survival and survival without evidence of any thyroid cancer.

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View Craig Hacking's current disclosures. Toggle limited content width. Attachments : Arises from the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and ascends to attach to the hyoid bone. Gland Surg ;9 2 Lee et al. Muscles The infrahyoid muscles and the sternocleidomastoid muscle directly border the thyroid gland. The anterior aspect of the sternocleidomastoid muscle overlaps these two muscles. Multiple aberrant variants of innervation to the sternocleidomastoid have been described, such as the branches for the external laryngeal nerve, the hypoglossal nerve, accessory branches of the vagus nerve, branches of the facial nerve, and the transverse cervical nerve. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon 4. Review Questions Access free multiple choice questions on this topic. Sign Up. These muscles and other important muscles of note in the thyroid region are: Infrahyoid muscles: Together, the infrahyoid muscles play an active role in swallowing through the movement of the larynx. Huang reports grants from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, during the conduct of the study. The thyroid gland is endodermal in origin.

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Further studies are needed to investigate long-term changes in voice and swallowing function after strap muscle transection. Infrahyoid muscles. To find out more, read our privacy policy. Suh S, et al. After elevation of the skin flap, the strap muscles were cut at a lower margin close to the clavicle and then cut along the anterior margin of both sternocleidomastoid muscles. In addition, survival analysis of the T3b group according to the AJCC 8th TNM staging schema showed that it consists of a heterogeneous group of patients with significantly different DSS according to tumor size. Dionigi G, et al. An anatomical study of the arterial and nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles. Omohyoid The omohyoid is comprised of two muscle bellies, which are connected by a muscular tendon. The stylopharyngeus muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles, [ citation needed ] but is not an infrahyoid muscle. Working together, they also aid in forced inspiration through elevation of the thorax. The term infrahyoid refers to the region below the hyoid bone , while the term strap muscles refers to the long and flat muscle shapes which resembles a strap. Head Neck Surg.