Who implemented the doctrine of lapse

The notion of annexing those states without inheritors was proposed. They no longer have the authority to rule, and adoption will not restore it.

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Who implemented the doctrine of lapse

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The doctrine of lapsation was a policy of annexation initiated by the East India Company in the Indian subcontinent for the princely states , and applied until the year , the year after Company rule was succeeded by the British Raj under the British Crown. Elements of the doctrine of lapse continued to be applied by the post-independence Indian government to derecognise individual princely families until , when the recognition of former ruling families was discontinued under the 26th amendment to the Indian constitution by the Indira Gandhi government. When the formal adoption of the doctrine of lapse was aware and used already, the British East India Company British Rule had administrative jurisdiction over wide regions of the Indian subcontinent, the Presidencies and provinces of British India , and was responsible for the defence of the princely states. According to the doctrine, any Indian princely state under the suzerainty of the East India Company, the dominant imperial power in the Indian system of subsidiary alliances , would have its princely status abolished, and therefore be annexed into directly ruled British India, if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent or died without a male heir". The doctrine and its applications were widely regarded as illegitimate by many Indians, leading to resentment against the East India Company. However, the doctrine was articulated by the Court of Directors of the Company as early as , and several smaller states had already been annexed under this doctrine before Dalhousie took over the post of Governor-General.

Gouache painting on Rani Lakshmibai Leading her troops in the siege of Jhansi. In the dusty town of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, amidst the vibrant tapestry of India, the echoes of a brewing storm grew louder. The year was , and the British Raj's iron fist tightened around the princely states, employing a policy known as the Doctrine of Lapse. This policy aimed to annex territories whose rulers had no male heirs, disregarding traditional succession practices. It was in this tumultuous setting that the formidable Queen of Jhansi, Rani Lakshmibai, rose to defend her kingdom's sovereignty and challenge the oppressive grasp of colonial rule. Her courage and tenacity soon captured the attention of Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, the Maharaja of Jhansi, who chose her as his queen. She embraced her new role, immersing herself in political affairs and becoming well-versed in the art of governance and warfare. Tragedy struck when Rani Lakshmibai lost her infant son, Damodar Rao, leaving her without a male heir. In , the Maharaja adopted a child named Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, believing that this adoption would secure the future of Jhansi and preserve its sovereignty.

Who implemented the doctrine of lapse

The final wave of annexations occurred under Lord Dalhousie who was the Governor-General from to He devised a policy that came to be known as the Doctrine of Lapse. One kingdom after another was annexed simply by applying this doctrine: Satara in , Sambalpur in , Udaipur in , Nagpur in , and Jhansi in Finally, in , the Company also took over Awadh. Enraged by the humiliating way in which the Nawab was deposed, the people of Awadh joined the great revolt that broke out in Warren Hastings Governor-General from to was one of the many important figures who played a significant role in the expansion of Company power. By his time the Company had acquired power not only in Bengal but also in Bombay and Madras. British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called Presidencies.

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He served as Governor-General of India from to

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