Chondrocyte

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support chondrocyte CSS.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Articular cartilage AC covers the diarthrodial joints and is responsible for the mechanical distribution of loads across the joints. The majority of its structure and function is controlled by chondrocytes that regulate Extracellular Matrix ECM turnover and maintain tissue homeostasis. Imbalance in their function leads to degenerative diseases like Osteoarthritis OA.

Chondrocyte

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Hypertrophic differentiation is not only the terminal process of endochondral ossification in the growth plate but is also an important pathological change in osteoarthritic cartilage. Collagen type II COL2A1 was previously considered to be only a structural component of the cartilage matrix, but recently, it has been revealed to be an extracellular signaling molecule that can significantly suppress chondrocyte hypertrophy. However, the mechanisms by which COL2A1 regulates hypertrophic differentiation remain unclear. In our study, a Col2a1 p. GlySer mutant mouse model was constructed, and Col2a1 loss was demonstrated in homozygotes. Our study reveals novel mechanisms for the inhibition of chondrocyte hypertrophy by COL2A1 and suggests that the degradation and decrease in COL2A1 might initiate and promote osteoarthritis progression.

COL2A1 is the major component of the cartilage matrix, chondrocyte, and its degradation is considered a typical pathological process in Chondrocyte development.

They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans. Although the word chondroblast is commonly used to describe an immature chondrocyte, the term is imprecise, since the progenitor of chondrocytes which are mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts. Mesenchymal mesoderm origin stem cells are undifferentiated, meaning they can differentiate into a variety of generative cells commonly known as osteochondrogenic or osteogenic, chondrogenic, osteoprogenitor, etc. When referring to bone, or in this case cartilage, the originally undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells lose their pluripotency , proliferate and crowd together in a dense aggregate of chondrogenic cells cartilage at the location of chondrification. These chondrogenic cells differentiate into so-called chondroblasts, which then synthesize the cartilage extracellular matrix ECM , consisting of a ground substance proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans for low osmotic potential and fibers.

Chondrocytes are the cells making up the cartilage. They are pivotal to synthesize cartilage matrix and sustain the extracellular matrix. It primarily comprises the proteoglycans and collagen. Chondrocytes are surrounded by the collagenous fibres and secrete substances causing the cartilage to acquire strength and flexibility. Synthetically active cells are characterized by intracellular features. Despite the fact that senescence eventuates with ageing, mitotic figures are absent in normal adult AC articular cartilage. The adult chondrocyte exhibits a variety in accordance to its position with its synthetic action, density and structure. If flattened, these cells are aligned parallelly to the surface in addition to the collagen fibres in the superficial zone the highest cell density.

Chondrocyte

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer.

Freddy x bonnie

Cells from passages 3—6 were used for subsequent experiments. Sign up for Nature Briefing. Therefore, damages to the tissue can further play a role in the progression of slow degeneration of the tissue and elevate OA like conditions. Download PDF. In addition synovitis is a common occurrence in OA, which involves osteophyte formation at the junction of periosteum and synovium [ 20 , 41 — 43 ]. Instead, it resulted in a significant upregulation of Klf1 under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions Extended Data Fig. These chondrogenic cells differentiate into so-called chondroblasts, which then synthesize the cartilage extracellular matrix ECM , consisting of a ground substance proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans for low osmotic potential and fibers. The chondrocyte. Stem Cell Res. Cite this article Zhang, F. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. Chondrogenesis, chondrocyte differentiation, and articular cartilage metabolism in health and osteoarthritis.

Federal government websites often end in.

Similar articles in PubMed. The COL2A1 low expression group was composed of 7 males and 17 females with a mean age of To test whether the haemoglobin expression was regulated by HIF signalling, a major pathway activated by hypoxia, we examined the mRNA levels of Hba and Hbb in Hif1a -deleted and Hif2a- deleted chondrocytes. Cell Biol. Lee, A. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Nishimura, R. A plausible explanation for this phenomenon is that the condensed haemoglobin may help to store more oxygen within limited space to sustain relatively longer oxygen demand to cells from tissues that are either high-oxygen consuming or avascular. Thank you for visiting nature. All the clones were maintained in pathogen-free conditions at the Fourth Military Medical University.