Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs are flame retardant chemicals added to products so they won't catch fire or burn so easily if they are exposed to flame or high heat, polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure MOET approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84, analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs and polybrominated biphenyls PBBs belong to a class of chemicals that are added to certain manufactured products in order to reduce the chances that the products will catch on fire. Finished products that may contain PBDEs are furniture foam padding; wire insulation; rugs, draperies, and upholstery; and plastic cabinets for televisions, personal computers, and small appliances. These chemicals can get into the air, water, and soil during their manufacture; they can leak from products that contain them or escape when the products that contain them break down. They do not dissolve easily in water; they stick to particles and settle to the bottom of rivers or lakes. Some PBDEs can build up in certain fish and mammals when they eat contaminated food or water. Another source of exposure results from breathing contaminated air or swallowing contaminated dust. Working in industries that make these chemicals or that make, repair, or recycle products containing these chemicals flame retardants can result in exposure. In animal studies, these chemicals have shown some effects on the thyroid and liver, as well as on brain development. In addition, BB, which is one of the PBBs, was measured in 2, participants aged 12 years and older. Biomonitoring data can also help scientists plan and conduct research on exposure and health effects. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. National Biomonitoring Program.

Deca- and octa-BDEs, are polybrominated diphenyl ethers to degrade photolytically to brominated dibenzofurans and dioxins in the lab and under high temperature caused by fires. J Environ Monit. PBDEs bioaccumulate in blood, breast milk, and fat tissues.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers or PBDEs , are a class of organobromine compounds that are used as flame retardants. Like other brominated flame retardants , PBDEs have been used in a wide array of products, including building materials, electronics, furnishings, motor vehicles, airplanes, plastics, polyurethane foams, [1] and textiles. They are structurally akin to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers PCDEs , polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and other polyhalogenated compounds , consisting of two halogenated aromatic rings. PBDEs are classified according to the average number of bromine atoms in the molecule. The life-saving benefits of fire retardants led to their popularization. Standards for mass transit vehicles continues to increase as of The number of isomers for mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- , hexa-, hepta-, octa- , nona-, and decabromodiphenyl ethers are 3, 12, 24, 42, 46, 42, 24, 12, 3 and 1, respectively.

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Please click here to see any active alerts. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs are a group of brominated flame retardant chemicals that have been incorporated into a variety of manufactured products, including foam cushioning used in furniture and plastics used in televisions and computers. Click to open in new window Tips for selecting and filtering data pdf Data Tables for this Topic. The data are from a national survey that collects blood specimens from a representative sample of the population every two years, and then measures the concentration of various contaminants in the blood. The indicator focuses on women of child-bearing age because of concern for potential adverse effects in children born to women who have been exposed to PBDEs.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs are a class of synthetic chemicals first produced commercially in the s. They are added to products such as foam padding, textiles, or plastics to retard combustion. Its use was phased out following an accidental contamination of cattle feed in the state of Michigan with the contamination extending to other animals, the environment, and into humans Fries, Three major commercial mixtures of PBDEs have been produced and used. These are named for the average number of bromines attached to the diphenyl ether structure, e. Commercial pentaBDEs are often added to polyurethane foams used in mattresses, upholstered furniture, and carpet padding. OctaBDE mixtures are added to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene used in computer and appliance casings, and also to some polyolefins and nylon. It is added to polystyrene, polybutylene, nylon, polypropylene, and other thermoelastic polymers used in adhesives, wire insulation, casings for televisions and computers, and in some non-clothing textiles OECD, ; Sjodin et al. Most of the pentaBDE produced has been used within the U.

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New organohalogens in human plasma-identification and quantification. Ah-R mediated activities of flame retardants have also been explored using rat hepatoma cell line HII E. Specifically, penta-congeners as opposed to tetra-congeners show high affinity for Ah-R. Standards for mass transit vehicles continues to increase as of Use a damp cloth to dust indoor living and working areas. Deca- and octa-brominated congeners have lower bioaccumulative and biological activities. Persistent pollutants in land-applied sludges. Full article online viewer. EU shifts endocrine disruptor research into overdrive. PMC The International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC has classified PBDE as a Group 3 carcinogen not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans based on inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and inadequate or limited evidence in experimental animals. Hooper K, She J. Breast milk helps boost a baby's immune system, develop brain tissue, and overcome the effects of prenatal exposure to harmful chemicals. Flame retardants. An official website of the European Union.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs are a class of recalcitrant and bioaccumulative halogenated compounds that have emerged as a major environmental pollutant. PBDEs are used as a flame-retardant and are found in consumer goods such as electrical equipment, construction materials, coatings, textiles and polyurethane foam furniture padding. Less brominated PBDEs like tetra-, penta- and hexa- demonstrate high affinity for lipids and can accumulate in the bodies of animals and humans.

Prenatal exposure to nitrofen resulted in a variety of congenital anomalies related to severe fetal lung hypoplasia. Finished products that may contain PBDEs are furniture foam padding; wire insulation; rugs, draperies, and upholstery; and plastic cabinets for televisions, personal computers, and small appliances. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. Cancel Continue. Health issues of plastics and polyhalogenated compounds PHCs. Nonetheless, PBDEs are persistent organic pollutants that remain in the environment for years without any significant degradation. PMID Sci Total Environ. ISSN Ballschmiter K, Zell M. Use a vacuum with a HEPA filter. Reduce your exposure to indoor dust.